Clinical Medical Knowledge

QXL Knowledge Centre

Evidence-based laboratory medicine insights, reference range interpretations, and clinical diagnostic articles authored and reviewed by consultant pathologists and clinical biochemists at QXL Diagnostics.

NABL Accredited (MC-10025) Doctor Reviewed & Signed

Explore Knowledge Categories

Understanding Your Tests

Plain-language guides explaining sample preparation, reference intervals, and diagnostic terminology.

Laboratory Interpretation

Deeper clinical notes on how pathologists evaluate complex blood, liver, kidney, and thyroid results.

Women's Diagnostics

PCOS hormone panels, AMH fertility markers, thyroid screening, and bone density markers.

Autoimmune Diagnostics

ANA by IFA patterns, ENA 12-antibody profiles, Anti-CCP, and vasculitis markers.

Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Lipid risk stratification, hs-CRP, Homocysteine, Troponin-I, and NT-proBNP.

Diabetes & Metabolism

HbA1c HPLC technology, eAG calculation, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, and C-Peptide.

Cancer Biomarkers

Tumor marker panels (PSA, CA-125, CEA, CA-19.9, AFP) and clinical histopathology.

Pregnancy Screening

First & second trimester prenatal screening (Double, Triple, Quadruple marker) and NIPT.

Infectious Diseases

Dengue NS1/IgM serology, Typhoid, Hepatitis viral loads, and TB-PCR molecular assays.

For Doctors & Clinicians

Reference laboratory protocols, critical values policy, sample stability, and B2B hospital referrals.

Peer-Reviewed Publications

Clinical Interpretation Guides

Understanding Your Tests

Understanding Your Complete Blood Count (CBC) & Peripheral Smear Flags

How consultant haematopathologists evaluate red cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), differential white counts, and platelet trends to differentiate iron deficiency from thalassemia trait.

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Dr. Naveen Kumar NDCP, DNB Pathology
Reviewed: August 2026Read Guide
Diabetes & Metabolism

HbA1c HPLC Measurement vs Fasting Blood Glucose: Clinical Diagnostic Standards

Why ion-exchange HPLC is the gold standard for HbA1c testing, how estimated Average Glucose (eAG) is derived, and addressing interference from South Indian hemoglobin variants.

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Dr. Shantakumar MurudaMD Biochemistry, NABL Lead Assessor
Reviewed: August 2026Read Guide
Autoimmune Diagnostics

ANA by Immunofluorescence (IFA): Pattern Interpretation & ENA Profile Correlation

A practical clinical guide for rheumatologists and physicians on interpreting nuclear staining patterns (homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, centromere) on HEp-2 substrate.

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Dr. Naveen Kumar NDCP, DNB Pathology
Reviewed: August 2026Read Guide
Women's Diagnostics

Thyroid Hormones & Anti-TPO Antibodies: Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Urban Bengaluru

Evaluating TSH elevations above 4.5 mIU/L, the role of Anti-TPO autoantibodies in predicting progression to overt disease, and pregnancy trimester-specific TSH targets.

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Dr. Shantakumar MurudaMD Biochemistry, NABL Lead Assessor
Reviewed: August 2026Read Guide
Cancer Biomarkers

Histopathology & Biopsy Processing: The Pathologist's Role in Oncological Diagnosis

From formalin fixation to paraffin embedding, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and frozen sections — how surgical tissue samples are processed at QXL Diagnostics.

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Dr. Pritilata RoutMD Pathology (NIMHANS)
Reviewed: August 2026Read Guide
Infectious Diseases

Dengue Fever Serology: NS1 Antigen, IgM/IgG Kinetics & Platelet Transfusion Alerts

Diagnostic window for NS1 vs IgM antibodies, daily hematocrit monitoring for plasma leakage, and critical alert thresholds for platelet counts below 50,000/µL.

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Dr. Ajitha PillaiMD Microbiology
Reviewed: August 2026Read Guide