Genital Herpes Testing in Bengaluru (HSV-1 & HSV-2)
Definitive direct viral detection via Real-Time PCR lesion swab or type-specific IgG serology. Discrete clinical assessment and doctor-reviewed reporting.
Diagnostic Pathways for Genital Herpes
In accordance with the CDC STI Treatment Guidelines and Koneman's Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, diagnosing herpes simplex depends heavily on whether active physical lesions are present:
1. Active Lesion Swab: Real-Time PCR (Preferred)
When blisters, painful fluid-filled vesicles, or open ulcers are present, a swab sample should be collected directly from the lesion base. PCR has 3- to 5-fold higher analytical sensitivity than traditional viral cell culture and provides same-day to 48-hour differentiation between HSV-1 and HSV-2.
2. Blood Draw: Type-Specific Glycoprotein G IgG Serology
When no active lesions are present, an antibody blood test can determine whether a patient has established antibodies to HSV-1 or HSV-2. It takes 6 to 12 weeks after initial exposure for IgG antibodies to reach detectable levels.
Active Sores: Sterile Dacron swab in viral transport medium (VTM)
Past Exposure Screen: 3 mL Venous Blood (Serum)
Fasting: No Fasting Required
Turnaround Time: 24 to 48 Hours
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most accurate test for genital herpes?
Direct lesion PCR (swab of an active blister or ulcer) is the gold standard recommended by the CDC. PCR amplifies the viral DNA directly from the lesion fluid and can distinguish whether the sore is caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2 with >99% specificity. If no active sores are present, type-specific IgG blood serology can determine past exposure.
Why do CDC guidelines advise against routine HSV IgM testing?
Routine HSV IgM testing is discouraged because IgM assays cannot accurately distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2, frequently produce false positives, and can remain elevated during recurrent outbreaks or primary infections. Type-specific glycoprotein G-based IgG assays or lesion PCR are the only medically validated diagnostic choices.
What is the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2?
Traditionally, HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores), while HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes. However, due to oral-genital contact, an increasing proportion of first-episode genital herpes is now caused by HSV-1. Genital HSV-1 typically has significantly lower recurrence rates than genital HSV-2, making type differentiation clinically valuable.